Addressing key gaps in implementation of mosquito larviciding to accelerate malaria vector control in southern Tanzania: results of a stakeholder engagement process in local district councils

Abstract Background Larval source management was historically one of the most effective malaria control methods but is now widely deprioritized in Africa, where insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) are preferred. However, Tanzania, following initial successes urban Dar-es-Salaam starting early-2000s, government encourages larviciding both rural councils nationwide to complement other efforts; a biolarvicide production-plant has been established outside commercial capital. This study investigated key obstacles opportunities relevant rollout for control, with focus on meso-endemic region Morogoro, southern Tanzania. Methods Key-informants were interviewed assess awareness perceptions regarding among designated health officials (malaria focal persons, vector surveillance officers ward officers) nine administrative (n = 27). Interviewer-administered questionnaires used community members selected areas 490). Thematic content analysis done descriptive statistics summarize findings. Results A majority had participated at least once over previous three years. neutral towards positive aspects larviciding, overall support high, although several challenges expressed, notably: (i) insufficient knowledge identifying aquatic habitats vectors applying larvicides, (ii) inadequate monitoring programme effectiveness, (iii) limited financing, (iv) lack personal protective equipment. Although key-informants reported sensitizing local communities, still unaware its potential. Conclusions The supported by communities officials, there gaps technical knowledge, implementation public engagement. To improve impact, it important to: intensify training efforts, particularly vectors, adopt standard principles larvicides or larval management, financing engagement boost participation. These lessons could also be valuable endemic wishing deploy elimination.